The preventive dimension of the protection of the right to life under the European Convention on Human Rights

Elzbieta Hanna Morawska

doi:10.18593/ejjl.20213

Autores

Elzbieta Hanna Morawska

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18593/ejjl.20213

Palavras-chave:

Convenção Europeia de Direitos Humanos, Corte Europeia de Direitos Humanos, Jurisprudência de Estrasburgo, Direito à vida, obrigação positiva de proteger a vida, medidas operacionais preventivas

Resumo

O objetivo deste artigo é apontar para o processo de redefinição da natureza, sujeito e estrutura das obrigações dos Estados Partes da Convenção Europeia de Direitos Humanos no campo do direito à vida (artigo 2 da Convenção). O principal autor da redefinição acima é o Tribunal Europeu de Direitos Humanos, portanto, ocorre durante a interpretação e aplicação do art. 2 a Convenção. Como resultado, além das obrigações negativas primárias, as obrigações positivas são impostas aos Estados. A jurisprudência de Estrasburgo identifica uma variedade de medidas positivas que os Estados são obrigados a adotar para cumprir essas obrigações positivas, incluindo medidas preventivas apropriadas. Eles devem impedir a materialização dos riscos ao direito à vida, tanto no caso de ameaças de indivíduos particulares quanto no uso da força letal por funcionários do Estado. O Tribunal não estabeleceu o catálogo preciso dessas medidas e as condições para adotá-las. Eles são formulados caso a caso e estão sendo constantemente expandidos. Portanto, pode-se dizer que eles ainda estão in status nascendi.

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