Presença e perfil de susceptibilidade antimicrobiana de salmonella spp. isoladas de pisciculturas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18593/evid.33034Palavras-chave:
Aquicultura, Sorotipagem, Integrons, Resistência a antibióticos, Saúde PúblicaResumo
Salmonella spp. são importantes patógenos de origem alimentar que estão frequentemente associados a surtos infecciosos causados pelo consumo de alimentos contaminados. Embora esses microrganismos estejam amplamente distribuídos em diversas cadeias produtivas animais, existem poucos registros de sua ocorrência na aquicultura. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a presença e resistência antimicrobiana de Salmonella spp. isoladas de pisciculturas. Amostras foram coletadas de três pisciculturas, abrangendo água, peixe e biofilme epilítico. Os isolados de Salmonella foram identificados por PCR, e a sorotipagem foi realizada pelo método de aglutinação em lâmina, de acordo com o sistema Kaufman-White. A suscetibilidade aos agentes antimicrobianos foi avaliada utilizando o método de difusão em disco de Kirby e Bauer. A presença de integrons das classes 1 e 2 foi determinada por PCR. Noventa amostras foram examinadas, destas, 13 (14,44%) foram positivas para S. enterica, das quais 5 cepas foram isoladas de água de lagoa, 3 cepas de peixes e 5 cepas de biofilme epilítico. Entre as amostras foram identificados os sorotipos S. Minnesota, S. Panamá e S. Anatum. As taxas de resistência aos antimicrobianos foram mais elevadas para sulfonamidas (92,30%), trimetoprima (84,61%), tetraciclina (46,15%) e estreptomicina (46,15%). A resistência múltipla a antibióticos foi confirmada em 84,61% dos isolados, com 100% deles apresentando integron classe 1 e 7,69% integron classe 2. Este estudo evidenciou uma alta prevalência de bactérias multirresistentes em pisciculturas, o que reforça as preocupações relacionadas à saúde pública devido ao uso indiscriminado de antibióticos e o risco associado aos alimentos provenientes de peixes de criadouros de água doce. Diante desses resultados é evidente a necessidade de novas pesquisas voltadas para estratégias de controle e prevenção de Salmonella spp. na aquicultura, bem como de maior regulação nas cadeias produtivas de peixes.
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