ESCLEROSE LATERAL AMIOTRÓFICA: ARTIGO DE ATUALIZAÇÃO
Resumo
Esclerose lateral amiotrófica é uma doença neurológica progressiva e fatal. É uma desordem devastadora para pacientes, familiares, cuidadores e profissionais envolvidos no seu tratamento. O objetivo com este estudo foi conhecer o estado da arte acerca da esclerose lateral amiotrófica. Para isso, foi realizada uma busca nas bases de dados SciELO, LILACS e MEDLINE, utilizando os seguintes descritores: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, motor neuron disease e Lou Gehrig’s disease. Foram incluídos nessa revisão os artigos mais relevantes. Esclerose lateral amiotrófica é uma doença caracterizada por degeneração e morte dos neurônios motores no córtex, tronco cerebral e medula espinhal. De causa ainda desconhecida na maioria dos casos, é invariavelmente fatal, com morte do indivíduo afetado ocorrendo, comumente, dentro de dois a cinco anos após o início dos sintomas. Hipóteses atuais em relação aos mecanismos patológicos e possíveis fatores de risco sugerem que o processo degenerativo que ocorre nessa doença é complexo e multifatorial. O tratamento é multidisciplinar e busca prover qualidade de vida e ajudar na manutenção da autonomia do paciente. Entre as abordagens multidisciplinares, o suporte nutricional e respiratório tem demonstrado um importante papel na manutenção da qualidade de vida e aumento da sobrevivência. Apesar dos importantes avanços no conhecimento dos mecanismos patológicos e intervenções apropriadas, a esclerose lateral amiotrófica continua sendo uma doença inexoravelmente progressiva e fatal. São necessárias mais pesquisas tanto para entender os mecanismos patológicos quanto para encontrar estratégias de tratamento eficientes.
Palavras-chave: Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica. Doença do Neurônio Motor. Doença de Lou Gehrig.
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