Seleção de espécies de macrófitas aquáticas inibidoras de Microcystis aeruginosa: uma abordagem utilizando extratos etanólicos

Augusto Lima da Silveira; Lucia Regina Rocha Martins; Thomaz Aurélio Pagioro

doi:10.18593/evid.36324

Authors

Augusto Lima da Silveira Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação
Lucia Regina Rocha Martins Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR)
Thomaz Aurélio Pagioro Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18593/evid.36324

Keywords:

Aquatic plants, Bioassay, Cyanobacteria, Eutrophication, Microcystins

Abstract

Cyanobacterial blooms are a threat to freshwater resources globally, driven by anthropogenic factors like climate change and eutrophication. Microcystis aeruginosa, a dominant cyanobacterial species, produces microcystins, hepatotoxins that can affect environmental health. Conventional treatments do not completely remove microcystins, demanding the development of alternative methods. Therefore, allelochemical compounds from aquatic macrophytes use can be a more sustainable approach in water treatment. This study aimed to assess the inhibitory effects of ethanolic extracts from aquatic macrophytes on M. aeruginosa. Furthermore, a preliminary investigation was conducted to determine the presence of phytochemical compounds with allelopathic activity in the extracts. Seven aquatic macrophytes species were used to obtain ethanolic extracts: Eichorna azurea, Eleocharis acutangula, Ludwigia peruviana, Myriophyllum aquaticum, Pontederia cordata, Sagittaria montevidensis, and Typha domingensis. In static bioassays M. aeruginosa cultures were exposed to 0.1, 50 and 500 mg.Extract.L^-1 for 10 days. Inhibition rate (IR), cell density, microcystins production and cell viability were assessed. All the ethanolic extracts presented inhibitory effects in M. aeruginosa. The ethanolic extract of M. aquaticum exhibited superior performance compared to other extracts. It demonstrated an adequate extraction yield (20.29%), the highest inhibition rate (99.1%), low microcystin production, and exhibited cyanocidal effects. The presence of allelochemical compounds, such as phenolic compounds and saponins, probably contributed to the observed inhibition effects in the bioassays. These results highlight the potential of ethanolic extracts from aquatic macrophytes in controlling M. aeruginosa, requiring further toxicological and phytochemical investigations to enhance efficiency and ensure safe use.

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