Polímeros de frutose: importância para a nutrição e saúde humana
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18593/eba.27168Palavras-chave:
Fibra solúvel, Prebiótico, Polímeros de frutose, Saúde e bem-estarResumo
: Frutanos do tipo inulina são carboidratos solúveis não digeríveis, à base de frutose, encontrados em muitos vegetais utilizados na alimentação humana. Esses polímeros constituídos por ligações β-glicosídicas apresentam atividade prebiótica, estimulando de forma seletiva a multiplicação e atividade de bactérias intestinais benéficas. Esses micro-organismos, bem como os seus metabólitos resultantes da fermentação dos frutanos, têm sido associados a diversos efeitos positivos sobre a saúde e bem-estar como função intestinal, resposta imune, metabolismo, desenvolvimento ósseo, cognição e emoção. Além disso, esses carboidratos apresentam potencial na prevenção e melhoria de diversas condições patológicas. Desta forma, a presente revisão teve como objetivo levantar as evidências sobre os efeitos da suplementação de frutanos em diversos aspectos da saúde humana. Para tal, foi realizado o levantamento de estudos clínicos randomizados, duplo cego, placebo controlados, publicados entre os anos de 1995 e 2020, indexados nas bases de dados Pubmed, Web of Science, Scielo, Scopus e Lilacs. Diversos trabalhos demonstraram os benefícios dos frutanos sobre muitos aspectos da saúde e bem-estar, no entanto, mais estudos clínicos ainda são necessários para ampliar o conhecimento adquirido até o momento e preencher lacunas importantes existentes sobre o tema. Este conhecimento é essencial para determinar indicações e eventuais contraindicações em futuros protocolos terapêuticos.
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