Relação entre desempenho sustentável e desempenho de mercado
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18593/race.27352Palavras-chave:
Desempenho sustentável, Desempenho de mercado, SustentabilidadeResumo
A sociedade têm demonstrado relevante atenção e crescente conscientização no que se refere à sustentabilidade, porém os estudos sobre o tema apresentam evidências controversas. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a relação causa-efeito entre o desempenho sustentável e o desempenho de mercado das empresas listadas na bolsa de valores dos vinte países mais sustentáveis do mundo de acordo com o Environmental Performance Index, originando uma amostra de 1.027 empresas. Em relação à metodologia, os dados foram coletados na base de dados Thomson Reuters® e dizem respeito ao período de 2008 a 2017. A sustentabilidade foi mensurada a partir da sintetização de indicadores ambientais (uso de recursos, emissões, inovação ambiental), sociais (força de trabalho, direitos humanos, comunidade e responsabilidade pelo produto) e econômicos-financeiros (retorno sobre os ativos, retorno sobre o patrimônio líquido e retorno sobre vendas), sendo que foi utilizado o método multicritério Evaluation Based on Distance from Average Solution para esta sintetização. O desempenho de mercado também foi mensurado a partir da sintetização dos indicadores (Q de Tobin, Market-to-book, preço das ações, lucro por ação e índice Preço/Lucro). A partir da sintetização destes indicadores foi possível aplicar a regressão linear. Os resultados indicam a existência de bidirecionalidade entre o desempenho sustentável e o desempenho de mercado, porém evidencia-se que o maior poder explicativo verificado é no sentido de que a partir do bom desempenho de mercado é que as organizações têm condições de melhorar o seu desempenho sustentável. Chama atenção nos resultados que ao longo dos anos houve aumento significativo da influência do desempenho sustentável em relação ao desempenho de mercado, evidenciando a crescente preocupação dos investidores em relação ao desenvolvimento sustentável.
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