Cromossomos holocêntricos em animais e plantas: o que nós sabemos sobre estes pontos fora da curva?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18593/evid.32760Palavras-chave:
Centrômero, Cinetócoros, CENH3, Luzula nivea, Caenorhabditis elegansResumo
Usualmente, membros do domínio Eukarya possuem cinetócoros agrupados em um único ponto, o que caracteriza os cromossomos monocêntricos. Todavia, em alguns taxa o aparato proteico que compõe o cinetócoro é distribuído continuamente ou discretamente ao longo do comprimento do cromossomo, condição que define os cromossomos holocêntricos. O objetivo desta revisão é fornecer uma visão geral dos aspectos cariomorfológicos dos cromossomos holocêntricos de animais e plantas, assim como uma compreensão de sua origem, evolução e possíveis implicações adaptativas da sua presença em eucariotos. As diferenças estruturais mais consideráveis entre cromossomos holocêntricos e monocêntricos dizem respeito às proteínas do cinetócoro, ao padrão de fosforilação da histona H3 e ao DNA satélite centromérico. A distribuição de cromossomos holocêntricos em árvores filogenéticas evidencia seu surgimento independente inúmeras vezes ao longo da evolução. Apesar de muitas hipóteses terem sido criadas para explicar a origem dos cromossomos holocêntricos, nenhuma foi confirmada ou refutada. Embora sejam inegáveis as vantagens adaptativas geradas por sua presença, especialmente em ambientes clastogênicos, o comportamento típico dos cromossomos com cinetócoros difusos parece ser suficiente para torná-los a exceção e não a regra entre os eucariotos.
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